{"id":1868,"date":"2013-10-04T16:28:43","date_gmt":"2013-10-04T08:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.leadingtec.cn\/?p=1868"},"modified":"2014-01-12T20:26:12","modified_gmt":"2014-01-12T12:26:12","slug":"%e5%9f%b9%e5%85%bb%e6%b6%b2%e6%88%90%e5%88%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.leadingtec.cn\/%e5%9f%b9%e5%85%bb%e6%b6%b2%e6%88%90%e5%88%86.html","title":{"rendered":"\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u6210\u5206"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00a0(\u4e00<\/span>)<\/span>\u5927\u91cf\u5143\u7d20<\/span><\/h2>\n

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2\uff0e\u78f7<\/span><\/strong>(P)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u5355\u80de\u85fb\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u78f7\u6e90\u6709\u78f7\u9178\u4e8c\u6c22\u94be<\/span>(KH<\/span>2PO4)\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u4e8c\u6c22\u94a0\u3001<\/span>(NaH<\/span>2PO4)\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u6c22\u4e8c\u94be<\/span>(K<\/span>2HPO4)\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u6c22\u4e8c\u94a0<\/span>(Na<\/span>2HPO4)4\u79cd\u3002\u6d77\u6c34\u5355\u80de\u85fb\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u5e94\u7528\u78f7\u9178\u4e8c\u6c22\u94be\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u78f7\u9178\u6c22\u4e8c\u94be\u6240\u914d\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u94c1<\/span><\/strong>(Fe<\/strong>)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5355\u80de\u85fb\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u94c1\u6e90\u6709\u4e09\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1<\/span>(FeCl<\/span>3)\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94c1<\/span>(FeSO<\/span>4)\u3001\u786b\u9178\u9ad8\u94c1<\/span>[Fe<\/span>2(SO4)3]\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u94c1<\/span>(FeO)<\/span>\u3001\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94c1<\/span>(FeC<\/span>6H5O7)\u3001\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94c1\u94f5<\/span>[Fe(NH<\/span>4)3(C6H5O7)]\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e09\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94c1\u3002\u65e0\u673a\u94c1\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u80f6\u4f53\u590d\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u65e0\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5229\u7528\u3002\u94c1\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c3d\u7ba1\u94c1\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u6240\u9700\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u85fb\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u5374\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6001\u94c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528<\/span>3<\/span>\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u4e0d\u591f\u5341\u5206\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u5185\u52a0\u5165\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u673a\u8d28<\/span>(<\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8150\u6b96\u9178<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u94c1\u7684\u6c89\u6dc0\u548c\u6eb6\u80f6\u5316<\/span>(Pringsheim<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1963)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u5185\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u9178\u6216\u5176\u76d0\u7c7b\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u94c1\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\u8f83\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6709\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u76d0\u548c\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u76d0\uff1a\u8fc8\u5c14<\/span>(Myers<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1947)<\/span>\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u786b\u9178\u94c1\u548c\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94a0\u80fd\u4f7f\u5c0f\u7403\u85fb\u751f\u957f\u5341\u5206\u826f\u597d\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u5e94\u7528\u7edc\u5408\u5242\uff1a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e3a\u4e59\u4e8c\u80fa\u56db\u4e59\u9178<\/span>(EDTA)<\/span>\uff0c\u7edc\u5408\u5242\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u94c1\u548c\u5fae\u91cf\u8425\u517b\u5143\u7d20\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u8d28\u91cf\u4f5c\u7528\u5b9a\u5f8b\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u8db3\u591f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4f9b\u85fb\u7ec6\u80de\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u673a\u94c1\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u4f53\u590d\u5408\u7269\u548c\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u673a\u94c1\uff0c\u5982\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94c1\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u94c1\u7b49\u5219\u662f\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6613\u4e3a\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u673a\u6001\u94c1\u4ee3\u66ff\u65e0\u673a\u6001\u94c1\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u85fb\u7c7b\u5bf9\u94c1\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u91cf\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u628a\u94c1\u5217\u4e3a\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

    4\uff0e\u94be<\/span>(K)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u5355\u80de\u85fb\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u94be\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u6c2f\u5316\u94be<\/span>(KCl)<\/span>\u3001\u785d\u9178\u94be<\/span>(KNO<\/span>3)\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u4e8c\u6c22\u94be<\/span>(KH<\/span>2PO4)\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u6c22\u4e8c\u94be<\/span>(K<\/span>2HPO4)\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u6c2e\u3001\u78f7\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u9644\u5e26\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u94be\u8425\u517b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u6c2f\u5316\u94be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    5\uff0e\u9541<\/span><\/strong>(Mg)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u9541\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u786b\u9178\u9541<\/span>(MgSO<\/span>4)\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u9541<\/span>(MgCl<\/span>2)\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e24\u79cd\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9541\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5929\u7136\u6d77\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u5f88\u5927<\/span>(1\u00a0200mg\/L<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    6\uff0e\u786b<\/span><\/strong>(S)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u786b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u52a0\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u8425\u517b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u786b\u9178\u76d0\u7c7b<\/span>(<\/span>\u5982\u786b\u9178\u94f5\u3001\u786b\u9178\u9541\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94c1\u3001\u786b\u9178\u9ad8\u94c1\u3001\u786b\u9178\u9530\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u7b49<\/span>)<\/span>\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u8425\u517b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u786b\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    7\uff0e\u9499<\/span><\/strong>(Ca)<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u9499\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e38\u52a0\u5165\u6c2f\u5316\u9499<\/span>(CaCl2)<\/span>\u6216\u785d\u9178\u9499<\/span>[Ca(N03)2]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    8\uff0e\u7845<\/span><\/strong>(Si)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u7845\u85fb\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u7845\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7845\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7845\u9178\u94a0<\/span>(Na<\/span>2SO3)\u548c\u7845\u9178\u94be<\/span>(K<\/span>2SiO3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0(\u4e8c<\/span>)<\/span>\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u80de\u85fb\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7ea6<\/span>10<\/span>\u4f59\u79cd\u3002\u73b0\u5c06\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5217\u4e3e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    1\uff0e\u787c<\/span>(B)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u787c\u9178<\/span>(H<\/span>3BO3)\uff0c\u7126\u6027\u787c\u9178\u94a0<\/span>(Na<\/span>2B4O7)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    2\uff0e\u9530<\/span>(Mn)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u9530<\/span>(MnSO<\/span>4)\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u9530<\/span>(MnCl<\/span>2)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    3\uff0e\u950c<\/span>(Zn)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u950c<\/span>(ZnSO<\/span>4)\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u950c<\/span>(ZnCl<\/span>2)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    4\uff0e\u94dc<\/span>(Cu)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u94dc<\/span>((ZuSO<\/span>4)\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94dc<\/span>(CuCl<\/span>2)\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    5\uff0e\u94bc<\/span>(Mo)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u94bc\u534e<\/span>(MoO<\/span>3)\uff0c\u94bc\u9178\u94f5<\/span>[(NH<\/span>4)2O.7MoO3]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    6\uff0e\u94b4<\/span>(Co)<\/span>\u6c2f\u5316\u94bb<\/span>(CoCl<\/span>2)\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    7\uff0e\u949b<\/span>(Ti)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6c2f\u5316\u949b<\/span>(TiCl<\/span>2)\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    8\uff0e\u94a8<\/span>(W)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u94a8\u9178\u94a0<\/span>(Na<\/span>2wO4)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    9\uff0e\u94ec<\/span>(Cr)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u94ec\u94be<\/span>[CrK(SO<\/span>4)2]\uff0c\u94ec\u9178\u94be<\/span>(K<\/span>2CrO4)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    10\uff0e\u954d<\/span>(Ni)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u954d<\/span>(NiSO<\/span>4)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    11\uff0e\u9492<\/span>(V)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u9492\u9178\u94a0<\/span>(NaVO<\/span>3)\uff0c\u9492\u9178\u94f5<\/span>(NH<\/span>4VO3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    12\uff0e\u9549<\/span>(CA)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6c2f\u5316\u9549<\/span>(CdCl<\/span>2)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    13\uff0e\u9536<\/span>(Sr)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u9536<\/span>(SrSO<\/span>4)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5f00\u5355\u9879\u5217\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u4e2d\u914d\u6210\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u52a0\u5165\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u6eb6\u6db2\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u914d\u65b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u914d\u65b9\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c69<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>70<\/span>\u9875\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u85fb\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9700\u8981\u91cf\u548c\u4e2d\u6bd2\u91cf(<\/span>\u81f4\u6bd2\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e00\u822c\u5f88\u72ed\u5c0f\uff0c\u7565\u5fae\u8d85\u8fc7\u9700\u8981\u91cf\u5373\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e2d\u6bd2\u3002\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u4f53\u590d\u5408\u7269\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u4f7f\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u7edc\u5408\u5242\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u826f\u597d\u7684\u7530\u56ed\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u4e00\u822c\u542b\u6709\u85fb\u7c7b\u751f\u957f\u7e41\u6b96\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u6eb6\u89e3\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7edc\u5408\u5242\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u6548\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

    (\u4e09<\/span>)<\/span>\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u85fb\u7c7b\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u5438\u6536\u65e0\u673a\u8425\u517b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5438\u6536\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span>Bl<\/span>\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span>B12<\/span>\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7d20\u2026\u2026\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u85fb\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u957f\u6709\u8f85\u52a9\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u751f\u957f\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e5f\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20B12<\/span>\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span>B1(<\/span>\u786b\u94f5\u7d20<\/span>)<\/span>\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span>B2<\/span>\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span>B6<\/span>\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20<\/span>H<\/span>\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7d20\u3001\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u3001\u4e73\u7cbe\u9178\u3001\u70df\u9178\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c28\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u9178\u3001\u53f6\u9178\u3001\u6cdb\u9178\u9499\u3001\u808c\u9187\u3001\u8150\u8089\u78b1\u3001\u80f8<\/span>(<\/span>\u817a<\/span>)<\/span>\u95f4\u6c2e\u82ef\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u3001\u809d\u62bd\u51fa\u7269\u3001\u9175\u6bcd\u62bd\u51fa\u7269\u3001\u8d1d\u8089\u6c64\u3001\u9c7c\u7c89\u3001\u54b8\u9c7c\u6c41\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u52a0\u5165\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u79cd\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u914d\u6210\u6df7\u5408\u6db2\uff0c\u79f0\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5728\u914d\u5236\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u65f6\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u52a0\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u9664\u542b\u6709\u65e0\u673a\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u542b\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

    (\u56db<\/span>)<\/span>\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u542b\u6709\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u85fb\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u751f\u957f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u826f\u597d\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u73b0\u5c06\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

    1\uff0e\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2<\/span>I\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u53d6\u571f\u58e4<\/span>1kg<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u7eaf\u6c34<\/span>1\u00a0000ml<\/span>\uff0c\u716e\u6cb8<\/span>60min<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u6697\u5904\u653e\u7f6e<\/span>2d<\/span>\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee4\u6db2<\/span>600ml<\/span>\u52a0\u7eaf\u6c34<\/span>400ml<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    2\uff0e\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u2161\u00a0\u00a0\u53d6\u571f\u58e4<\/span>1kg<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u7eaf\u6c34<\/span>1\u00a0000ml<\/span>\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0<\/span>2<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>3g<\/span>\uff0c\u716e\u6cb8<\/span>120min<\/span>\uff0c\u51b7\u5374\u540e\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u6ee4\u6db2\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    3\uff0e\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u2162\u00a0\u00a0\u53d6\u571f\u58e4<\/span>1kg<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u81ea\u6765\u6c34<\/span>2\u00a0000ml<\/span>\uff0c\u716e\u6cb8\u714e\u6d53\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u90e8\u6ce5\u6d46\u503e\u5165\u70e7\u676f\u4e2d\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u9759\u7f6e\u4e00\u663c\u591c\u540e\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u5438\u53d6\u4e0a\u5c42\u6e05\u6db2\uff0c\u518d\u716e\u6cb8\u714e\u6d53\u3002\u7b2c<\/span>3<\/span>\u5929\u518d\u5982\u6cd5\u714e\u716e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u503e\u5165\u4e09\u89d2\u70e7\u74f6\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u68c9\u82b1\u585e\uff0c\u714e\u6d53\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5f97\u5230<\/span>l\u00a0000ml<\/span>\u7684\u6df1\u8910\u8272\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u716e\u6cb8\u706d\u83cc\u4fdd\u5b58<\/span>(<\/span>\u6731\u6811\u5c4f\uff0c<\/span>1964<\/span>\uff0e<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    4\uff0e\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u2163\u53d6\u7530\u56ed\u571f\u58e4<\/span>1kg<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u6c34<\/span>2\u00a0000ml<\/span>\uff0c\u6405\u62cc\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u6d78\u6ce1\uff0c\u7528\u524d\u5438\u53d6\u4e0a\u6e05\u6db2\uff0c\u716e\u6cb8\u6d88\u6bd2\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>(<\/span>\u9ece\u5c1a\u8c6a\u7b49\uff0c<\/span>1959)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    5\uff0e\u6d77\u6ce5<\/span>(<\/span>\u6216\u571f\u58e4<\/span>)<\/span>\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2<\/span>V\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u53d6\u6d77\u6ee9\u4e0a\u7802\u8d28\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u8d28\u8f83\u591a\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u5206\u6de4\u9ed1\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u8f6f\u6ce5<\/span>(<\/span>\u6216\u7530\u56ed\u571f\u58e4<\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c\u6e05\u9664\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u6811\u679d\u548c\u5c0f\u77f3\u5757\u7b49\u6742\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bb9\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>1<\/span>\u4efd\u6ce5\u52a0<\/span>2<\/span>\u4efd\u6c34\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u6405\u62cc\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u9759\u7f6e<\/span>l<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>2min<\/span>\uff0c\u5f85\u7c97\u7802\u3001\u5c0f\u77f3\u4e0b\u6c89\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u5c42\u6ce5\u6d46\u503e\u4eba\u94dd\u9505\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f03\u53bb\u5e95\u90e8\u7c97\u7802\u3001\u5c0f\u77f3\u7b49\u6742\u7269\uff0c\u6309\u6bcf<\/span>1\u00a0000ml<\/span>\u6ce5\u6d46\u52a0\u5165<\/span>NaOH\u00a01g<\/span>\u7684\u91cf\u52a0\u5165<\/span>NaOH<\/span>\uff0c\u716e\u6cb8<\/span>20<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>30min<\/span>\uff0c\u716e\u65f6\u9700\u4e0d\u65ad\u6405\u62cc\u3002\u716e\u540e\u9759\u7f6e<\/span>24h<\/span>\uff0c\u5438\u53d6\u4e0a\u6e05\u6db2\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6d77\u6ce5\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u5438\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u9664\u5f53\u5929\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88c5\u5165\u5927\u70e7\u74f6\u4e2d\u518d\u7ecf\u716e\u6cb8<\/span>1<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>2<\/span>\u6b21<\/span>(<\/span>\u6bcf\u5929<\/span>1<\/span>\u6b21<\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u518d\u7ecf\u716e\u6cb8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u53d6\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u6216\u6d77\u6ce5\u5236\u6210\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u6216\u6d77\u6ce5\u62bd\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u8425\u517b\u6210\u5206\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u6216\u6d77\u6ce5\u6240\u542b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u53d6\u7528\u571f\u58e4\u6216\u6d77\u6ce5\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u57f9\u517b\u6548\u679c\u53ca\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\uff0c\u5747\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u517b\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u638c\u63e1\u3002<\/p>\n

    (\u4e94<\/span>)<\/span>\u7edc\u5408\u5242<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u65e0\u673a\u6001\u94c1\u548c\u5fae\u91cf\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u4f53\u590d\u5408\u7269\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u85fb\u7c7b\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u6eb6\u80f6\u5316\u548c\u6c89\u6dc0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5bf9\u85fb\u7c7b\u7684\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u54c8\u7279\u7eb3<\/span>(Hutnei<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1950)<\/span>\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u79f0\u4e3a\u7edc\u5408\u5242\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u8fc8\u5c14<\/span>(Myers<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1951)<\/span>\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5c0f\u7403\u85fb\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span>EDTA<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u7edc\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7edc\u5408\u5242\u4e3a\u4e59\u4e8c\u80fa\u56db\u4e59\u9178<\/span>(EDTA)<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9a\u785d\u57fa<\/span>R<\/span>\u76d0\u3001\u4e09\u4ef7\u6c2e\u57fa\u4e09\u918b\u9178<\/span>(NTA)<\/span>\u3001\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e59\u57fa\u4e59\u70ef\u4e8c\u80fa\u4e09\u918b\u9178<\/span>(HOEDTA)<\/span>\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7edc\u5408\u5242\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u73af\u72b6\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7edc\u5408\u5242\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u94c1\u548c\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6c89\u6dc0\u548c\u6eb6\u80f6\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u4f5c\u7528\u5b9a\u5f8b\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u8db3\u91cf\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4f9b\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u85fb\u7c7b\u4f9b\u5e94\u9002\u91cf\u94c1\u548c\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u4f7f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u6bd4\u85fb\u7c7b\u6240\u80fd\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7edc\u5408\u5242\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u67d0\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u62a5\u9053(M<\/span>\uff0e<\/span>R<\/span>\uff0e<\/span>Droop<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1969)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    (\u516d<\/span>)<\/span>\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u8c03\u8282\u5242<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u8c03\u8282\u5242\u53c8\u79f0\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u957f\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u4e9b\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u8c03\u8282\u5242\uff0c\u589e\u4ea7\u6548\u679c\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5411\u66d9\u5149\u7b49<\/span>(1986<\/span>\uff1b<\/span>1989)<\/span>\u5728\u4e9a\u5fc3\u5f62\u6241\u85fb\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165<\/span>30<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>50mg\/L<\/span>\u589e\u4ea7\u7075\uff0c\u51c0\u589e\u4ea7\u7387\u4e3a<\/span>60<\/span>\uff05\uff5e<\/span>70<\/span>\uff05\u3002\u53c8\u52a0\u5165<\/span>40rng<\/span>\uff0f<\/span>L<\/span>\u4e59\u70ef\u5229\uff0c\u51c0\u589e\u4ea7\u7387\u4e3a<\/span>56<\/span>\uff05<\/span>[87]\u3002\u5f90\u6dd1\u51e4\u7b49(1987)<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u5e95\u6816\u7845\u85fb\uff0c\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0<\/span>0.5mg<\/span>\uff0f<\/span>L<\/span>\u7684<\/span>a-\u5938\u4e59\u9178\u94a0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e95\u6816\u7845\u85fb\u7684\u751f\u957f\u7e41\u6b96\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>[85]\u3002<\/p>\n

    (\u4e03<\/span>)<\/span>\u7f13\u51b2\u5242<\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u5728\u57f9\u517b\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u5242\uff0c\u53ef\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f13\u51b2\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u5242\u6709\u4e09\u7f9f\u7532\u57fa\u6c28\u57fa\u7532\u70f7\u548c\u4e8c\u7518\u6c28\u9178\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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